If you’ve ever noticed red, swollen gums or experienced bleeding while brushing, you may be dealing with one of the many types of gum disease. Periodontal disease affects the gums and underlying jawbone; if left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss. It’s the leading cause of tooth loss in adults! But don’t worry—our team, led by Dr. Kelly, is here to help.

Gum disease progresses in stages, requiring different periodontal disease treatments. Below are the most common types of gum disease and how they are treated:

1. Gingivitis

   Symptoms:

   • Red, swollen gums
   • Bleeding when brushing or flossing
   • Persistent bad breath

   Gingivitis is the earliest and mildest form of periodontal disease. It occurs when plaque buildup causes inflammation of the gums but has not yet led to bone loss. If left untreated, gingivitis can advance to more severe forms of periodontitis.

   Treatment:

   • Professional dental cleaning
   • Improved oral hygiene (brushing, flossing, and mouthwash use)
   • Antibacterial therapies, such as medicated rinses

2. Chronic periodontitis

   Symptoms:

   • Receding gums (teeth appearing longer)
   • Formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums
   • Loose or shifting teeth

   Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of gum disease and typically affects adults over 45. It results from long-term plaque accumulation that leads to gum and bone deterioration.

   Treatment:

   • Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
   • Antimicrobial treatments
   • Gum grafting or tissue regeneration procedures for severe cases
   • Periodontal maintenance visits every few months

3. Aggressive periodontitis

   Symptoms:

   • Rapid gum attachment loss
   • Quick progression of bone loss
   • Family history of gum disease

   Aggressive periodontitis progresses much faster than chronic periodontitis and is often seen in younger individuals. Genetic factors, smoking, and immune system deficiencies are its leading causes.

   Treatment:

   • Deep scaling and root planing
   • Surgical procedures to repair gum and bone damage
   • Laser therapy for bacteria elimination
   • Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking

4. Periodontal disease related to systemic conditions

   Symptoms:

   • Similar to aggressive periodontitis but worsened by underlying medical conditions
   • Inflamed or bleeding gums despite good oral hygiene
   • Increased risk in patients with diabetes, heart disease, or respiratory conditions

   Certain systemic diseases can exacerbate periodontal disease. People with diabetes, for example, are more prone to infections, including gum disease. Treating the underlying condition is essential in managing this type of gum disease.

   Treatment:

   • Collaboration with medical doctors to manage systemic conditions
   • Specialized periodontal disease treatment plans
   • Antibiotic therapy to control bacterial infections
   • Regular periodontal maintenance cleanings

5. Necrotizing periodontal disease

   Symptoms:

   • Severe gum pain and ulceration
   • Rapid tissue and bone destruction
   • Associated with malnutrition, immune disorders, and chronic stress

   This rare and severe form of gum disease causes necrosis (tissue death) of the gums, periodontal ligament, and bone. It is most commonly seen in individuals with compromised immune systems, including those with HIV/AIDS or severe malnutrition.

   Treatment:

   • Immediate deep cleaning and scaling
   • Antibiotic and antifungal medications
   • Referral to a physician for additional medical evaluation

If you suspect you have gum disease, seeking treatment from a qualified dental professional is important. At Kelly Family Dentistry, our team specializes in periodontal disease treatment.

Our team can help restore your gum health and prevent further complications with advanced diagnostic tools and cutting-edge treatments.